New discoveries in physiology in last 5 years Research Paper

New discoveries in physiology in last 5 years - Research Paper Example Recent studies are exploring ribosome biogenesis’ role in inflammatory pathologies that include cancer (Blalock et al., 2014) and how dysregulated rRNA synthesis could contribute to or be a product of malignant cellular changes (Nguyen et al., 2015). Studying ribosome biogenesis and its dynamics and effects on malignant tumors can improve the understanding of cancer cell proliferation and may lead to more precise treatments/therapies for cancer (Blalock et al., 2014; Nguyen et al., 2015; Penzo et al., 2015). Ribosome biogenesis involves multiple steps, including rRNA transcription, development of pre-rRNA transcripts towards maturity, gathering of preribosomes, and RNA processing into mature ribosomes (Nguyen et al., 2015). Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) goes through the transcribing of the RNA polymerase I (Pol I) into a 47 S rRNA precursor, which later becomes processed and turns into 18 S, 5.8S, and 28 S mature rRNAs (Nguyen et al., 2015). rDNA becomes multicopy genes in arrays, wherein the number of active genes in any specific time has epigenetic regulations (Nguyen et al., 2015). Furthermore, various cellular signaling pathways connected to cell growth impact the activity of proteins that are in charge of rRNA transcription and which can be co-opted through the oncogenic processes (Nguyen et al., 2015). The following studies provide novel discoveries about the genetic expressions of different kinds of cancers. Nguyen et al. (2015) studied the epigenetic and the post-transcriptional mechanisms that may give some explanation on how dysregulated rRNA synthesis could influence or be a product of malignant transformation. They learned from their studies that Akt has a function in pre-rRNA synthesis. Their findings and other research showed that the pro-cell survival PI3K/Akt axes are similarly connected to and may cause