Comparing Frankenstein and Paradise Lost :: comparison compare contrast essays

Frankenstein and Paradise Lost  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mary Shelley has created a subversive and grotesque God/Man relationship in "Frankenstein." Shelly sets up Frankenstein and, at times, Man in general, to be the monster's God. Shelley's integration with Paradise Lost creates opportunity for making such comparisons. When the monster gives his book review of the found classic, he states, "It moved every feeling of wonder and awe, that the picture of an omnipotent God warring with his creatures was capable of exciting." This is reminiscent of the war he has with Frankenstein when his wishes are refused. He then goes on to relate the story's characters to his own situation. The plot of the monster's life follows a mutated version of Adam's as he read it in Paradise Lost. At one point he relates, "But it was all a dream; no Eve soothed my sorrows nor shared my thoughts; I was alone. I remembered Adam's supplication to his Creator. But where was mine?" The monster relates himself to Adam and expects the same treatment from his 'God.' The full realization of the mockery of Adam and Eve is barely missed when Frankenstein decides to relieve Man of the burden of his monster race by refusing to create the monster's bride. Just as he has the power to create, has he the power to destroy. Yet, in the end, the monster is the one in control, and ultimately triumphs in the final chase, outliving his creator. Just as with Adam, the monster's role is also compared to that of Satan in Paradise Lost: "Many times I considered Satan as the fitter emblem of my condition; for often, like him, when I viewed the bliss of my protectors, the bitter gall of envy rose within me." The monster is like Satan in that he is rejected by the beings of which he was once a member. While he does not remember, perhaps he feels his similarity, yet horrid mutation and punished rejection. The duality in the monster between Adam and Satan allows him to decide upon his plan of action. It is important to note that he takes upon himself the role of Adam before resorting to the methods learned from Satan. In Paradise Lost, Adam and Eve are banished from the Garden of Eden for eating fruit from the tree of knowledge. Much the same way, Frankenstein's happy and loving life is smashed to pieces upon the creation of the monster.

Ethnic Groups and Racism Essay

GENERAL SOCIOLOGY/SOCIETY CULTURE â€Å"ETHNIC GROUPS AND RACISM† I. INTRODUCTION Race and ethnicity are important concepts in the field of sociology and are ones that are studied a great deal. Race plays a large role in everyday human interactions and sociologists want to study how, why, and what the outcomes are of these interactions. A race is a human population that is believed to be distinct in some way from other humans based on real or imagined physical differences. Racial classifications are rooted in the idea of biological classification of humans according to morphological features such as skin color or facial characteristics. An individual is usually externally classified (meaning someone else makes the classification) into a racial group rather than the individual choosing where they belong as part of their identity. Conceptions of race, as well as specific racial groupings, are often controversial due to their impact on social identity and how those identities influence someone’s position in social hierarchies. Ethnicity, while related to race, refers not to physical characteristics but social traits that are shared by a human population. Some of the social traits often used for ethnic classification include: †¢nationality †¢tribe †¢religious faith †¢shared language †¢shared culture †¢shared traditions Unlike race, ethnicity is not usually externally assigned by other individuals. The term ethnicity focuses more upon a group’s connection to a perceived shared past and culture. II. CONTENT/ CREATIVE REPORT DEFINITION OF RACE AND ETHNICITY Race is a socially defined category, based on real or perceived biological differences between groups of people. Ethnicity is a socially defined category based on common language, religion, nationality, history or another cultural factor. Sociologists see race and ethnicity as social constructions because they are not rooted in biological differences, they change over time, and they never have firm boundaries. Example: White The distinction between race and ethnicity can be displayed or hidden, depending on individual preferences, while racial identities are always on display. THE SOCIOLOGICAL MEANING OF ETHNIC GROUPS AND RACISM The classification of people into races and ethnic groups carries deep implication on the social and political life of different racial and ethnic groups. These classifications led to the notion of racial superiority and racial inferiority, culturally advanced groups and culturally disadvantaged, the use of derogatory undertones and parody, apartheid policy, discrimination and prejudice, and stereotyping of groups of people. Ethnic conflicts have been regular process within the same territorial borders and among the nations of the world. Ethnic conflicts have been pervasive and dangerous because they cause massive humanitarian suffering, civil wars, and destabilizing effects. Sociologically, â€Å"race† refers to a group of people whom others believe are genetically distinct and whom they treat accordingly. This term is commonly used to refer to physical differences between people brought about by physical characteristics of genetic origin. This commonness of genetic heritage may be manifested in the shape of the head and face, the shape and color of the eyes, the shape of the nose, lips, and ears, the texture and color of the hair, the skin color, height, blood type and other physical characteristics. Among the significant racial categories studied by early social scientists were the Caucasoid, Mongoloid, Negroid, and the subgroups of primary and derived races. Racial differences are seen as physical differences singled out by the community or society as ethnically significant. It is preferable to refer to ethnicity or ethnic groups rather than race for its historical and biological connotations. An ethnic group represents a number of persons who have a common cultural background as evidenced by a feeling of loyalty to a given geographical territory or leader, a feeling of identification with and unity among historical and other group experiences, or a high degree of similarity in social norms, ideas and material objects. Members of ethnic groups see themselves as culturally different from other groups in the society and are viewed by others to be so. SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF MEMBERSHIP IN RACIAL AND ETHNIC GROUPS Membership in racial and ethnic groups influences people’s social status and roles as they interact with others. Physical characteristics, especially skin color and certain distinctive cultural traits, complexes, and patterns, become badges for social and economic status. Frequently, they establish a person’s or groups position in the social stratification system and make up the foundation for prejudice, discrimination, and other forms of differential treatment. Furthermore, when an ethnic group becomes a target of discrimination, such group may utilize the unique physical or cultural traits as the rallying force for promoting common loyalties and enhancing collective action. When people’s definition of physical characteristics greatly affects their relationship, such definitions generally become interlinked with cultural differences. A classic example is the white man’s justification of his technological, economic, political and military superiority. Examples are such ideologies as the God-chosen race, the white man’s burden and more recently, the apartheid policy. Since the early days of the United States, Native Americans, African-Americans and European-Americans were classified as belonging to different races. But the criteria for membership in these races were radically different. For Africans, the government considered anyone with African appearance to be purely African. Native Americans, on the other hand, were classified based on a certain percentage of Indian blood. Finally, European-Americans had to have purely white ancestry. The differing criteria for assigning membership to particular races had relatively little to do with biology; it had far more to do with maintaining a group’s defined roles and position. Racial and ethnic membership leads to a sense of people-hood. By this, we mean a sense of identification with a relatively small segment of the world’s population- those who by virtue of common ancestry or heritage we consider â€Å"our own kind†. Erich Fromm wrote in 1941: â€Å"The identity with nature, clan, religion, gives the individual security. He belongs to, he is rooted in, structuralized whole in which he has an unquestionable place. He may suffer from hunger or suppression, but he does not suffer from worst of all pains- complete aloneness and doubt. † PATTERNS OF ETHNIC GROUP RELATIONS People who occupy a subordinate status are usually called a minority group. What determines a minority group is not the unique racial or ethnics traits nor their great number but the relationship of different groups in the society of which they are a part. A minority group, then is one that, because of the power of differences among the groups, is singled out for unequal treatment in the society. A minority refers to a group which, because of physical and cultural characteristics, occupies a subordinate position in the society and subjected to collective discrimination, in some cases, even segregation, oppression, slavery, peonage, military subjugation, religious persecution, and economic, political, educational, and social suppression. The patterns of ethnic group relations include the following: 1. Patterns of Racism a. Prejudice and discrimination †¢Racism – is behavior that is motivated by the belief that one’s own group is superior to other groups that are set apart on the basis of physical characteristics Structural racism refers to inequalities built into an organization or system. An example of structural racism can be seen in recent research on workplace discrimination. [37] There is widespread discrimination against job applicants whose names were merely perceived as â€Å"sounding black. † These applicants were 50% less likely than candidates perceived as having â€Å"white-sounding names† to receive callbacks for interviews, no matter their level of previous experience. †¢Prejudice – prejudged negative attitude or opinion about a group without bothering to verify the merits of the opinion or judgment The relationship between prejudice and discrimination is complex. Robert Merton’s study and typology of the relationship between prejudice and discrimination Four patterns 1. Unprejudiced nondiscriminatory – integration 2. Unprejudiced and discriminatory – institutional discrimination 3. Prejudiced and nondiscriminatory – latent bigotry 4. Prejudiced and discriminatory – outright bigotry In his study, (1974), Bulatao listed impressions on some ethnic groups by respondents from five Philippine cities: Ilocanos and Chinese were viewed as most industrious, serious, thrifty; Tagalogs, progressive; Bicolanos and Cebuanos, humble, friendly, warm, and peaceful; Warays, lazy but strong; and Ilongos, proud and extravagant. b. Discrimination refers to the act of disqualifying or mistreating people on the basis of their group membership or on ascriptive rounds rationally irrelevant to the situation. Whereas prejudice is a state of mind, discrimination is actual behavior. Prejudice and discrimination work hand in hand to create and sustain racial and ethnic stratification, (Jarry J. 1987) THEORIES OF PREJUDICE Light gives the following explanations on the origin of prejudice: 1. Economic Theory- assumes that racial prejudice is a social attitude transmitted by the dominant ethnic majority class for the purpose of stigmatizing some group s as inferior so that the exploitation of the group resources will be justified. 2. Symbolic Theory- asserts that prejudice arises because a racial or ethnic group is a symbol of what people hate, fear, or envy. 3. Scapegoat theory- maintains that human beings are reluctant to accept their mistakes for their troubles and failures so they look for an ethnic-minority to shoulder the blame. 4. Social norm theory- asserts that ethnocentrism is a natural development of group living. Hatred and suspicion for the out-group are the standard and normal way of doing things, particularly in dealing with people. c. Stereotypes are often simplified and unsupported generalizations about others and are used indiscriminately for all cases. A few examples are Ilokano, â€Å"bantay kuako† (heavy smokers) and â€Å"kuripot† (stingy); Pampangueno, â€Å"dugong aso† (dog blood or traitors); Batangueno, â€Å"balisong† (knife-wielding); Bicolanos, â€Å"sili† ( pepper or hot people). 2. Patterns of Competition, Conflict and Domination When ethnocentric attitudes are coupled with intergroup competition for territory and scarce resources, an explosive social situation may arise. When two groups both strive for the same things- and they perceive their respective claims to be mutually exclusively and legitimate- the stage is set for conflict. In modern societies, the state has become the vehicle that enables one group to dominate and keep the other group subordinate. In sum, competition supplies the motivation for systems of stratification, and ethnocentrism directs competition along racial and ethnic lines, but power determines which group will subjugate the other (Noel, 1972; Barth and Noel, 1975). 3. Economic and Political Subjugation. The economic takeover of one nation by a more powerful one and the subsequent political and social domination of the native population is called colonialism. If the takeover of one nation is trough the military superiority of the more powerful one for the purpose of territorial expansion and establishing colonies, it is termed as military colonialism. On the other hand, if the economic takeover is made through the great technological superiority of the more powerful one, the institutionalization of their businesses in their former colonies, the control and domination of most of a colony’s natural resources, the imposition of trade policies and economic treaties favorable to their side; the establishment of outlets for their surplus capital; the need for more cheap labor, raw materials, and markets to fuel their growing economy, the process is termed neo-colonialism or economic imperialism. 4. Displacement and Segregation of the Native Population Economic and political subjugation of a minority population by a more powerful group is not the only pattern of conquest that occurs when different racial and ethnic group meet. Displacement of native population can be made possible through the influx of powerful settlers or invaders with their vastly superior weapons. It is typically found in areas rich in natural resources and similar in geography and climate to the homeland of the invading group. Displacement takes the following forms: a. ) by attrition, that is, numbers of the weaker group may die of starvation or disease either deliberately or not; b. ) by population transfer; and c. ) by genocide- deliberate and ruthless extermination of the weaker group. Segregation involves the enactment of laws and/or customs that restrict or prohibit contact between groups. Segregation may be ethnic or racial or based on sex or age. 5. Patterns of Accommodation and Tolerance. Interracial and interethnic accommodation can be carried out through miscegenation or amalgamation- the intermarriage of members of the majority and minority groups. This can result in the blending of their various customs and values and the creation of a new cultural hybrid. This involves a cultural and biological blending in which the customs and values of both groups are to some extent preserved and their biological characteristics appear in the offspring. 6. Patterns of Acculturation and Assimilation Acculturation and assimilation are two very important concepts in sociology and anthropology that describe cross cultural effects on both minorities as well as majorities in societies that are multi ethnic and multi cultural in nature. Assimilation is a broader concept as described by sociologist Jean Piaget and refers to the manner in which people take new information. There are many people who think of the two concepts as same and even use them interchangeably. If you belong to a minority community in a country and retain your own culture but cannot remain isolated and are affected by the majority culture in such a way that you adapt to some aspects of the majority culture, the process is referred to as acculturation. Assimilation is a process whereby people of a culture learn to adapt to the ways of the majority culture. There is a loss of one’s own culture as a person gives more value to the cultural aspects of the majority community in the process of assimilation. What is the difference between Acculturation and Assimilation? †¢ Meeting of cultures always produces results in terms of changes in both the cultures, and acculturation and assimilation refer to two important and different changes in these cultures. †¢ Assimilation refers to the process where some of the majority community’s cultural aspects are absorbed in such a manner that the home cultural aspects get mitigated or lost. †¢ Acculturation is a process where the cultural aspects of the majority community are adapted without losing the traditions and customs of the minority community. †¢ Minority culture changes in the case of assimilation whereas it remains intact in the case of acculturation. 7. Patterns of cultural Pluralism or Ethnic Diversity Cultural pluralism refers to the coexistence of different racial or ethnic groups each of which retains its own cultural identity and social structural networks, while participating equally in the economic and political systems. (Light, 1985) In pluralistic society, each group retains its own language, religion and customs, and its members tend to interact socially primarily among themselves. Yet all jointly participate in the economic and political systems and live in harmony and peaceful â€Å"coexistence†. A prime example of such an arrangement can be found in Switzerland. There, people of German, French, and Italian heritage preserve their distinct cultural ways while coexisting peacefully and equally. No one group enjoys special privileges or is discriminated against. ETHNIC GROUPS IN THE PHILIPPINES. Ethnic groups in the Philippines are classified according to certain physical, cultural, linguistic, religious and geographic criteria. A. According to distinctive physical traits 1. The Negritoes who are regarded as the aborigines of the Philippines. 2. The Indonesian- Malayan stock which is predominant among the Filipinos. 3. The Chinese who make up the largest national group. 4. The Americans and the Spaniards, and a few other Europeans who came as colonizers. B. According to cultural standpoints 1. Cultural minorities or cultural communities 2. Muslims 3. Christian groups C. According to linguistic groupings PANAMIN reports that there are about 87 ethno linguistic groups in the Philippines-e. g. , Tagalog, Ilokano, Waray, Hiligaynon, Kapampangan, Ilonggo, etc. D. According to religion 1. Roman Catholics 2. Muslims 3. Aglipayans 4. Protestants 5. Iglesia ni Cristo 6. Buddhists 7. Jehovah’s witnesses 8. Other religious sects. E. Muslims of Southern Philippines The Muslims make up the largest single non-Christian group. They have nine ethno-linguistic groups, namely: 1. Taosug 2. Maranao 3. Maguindanao 4. Samal 5. Yakan 6. Sanggil 7. Badjao 8. Molbog 9. Jama Mapun. From the Spanish regime to the present, Muslim and Christian intergroup relationships have been characterized by animosity and suspicion. This has been expressed in the Muslims’ ongoing resentment of Christian settlers and attempts at secession to form an independent Mindanao. Muslim revolutionary groups the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) and the Bangsai Moro Liberation Front (BMLF) want Mindanao, Sulu, and Palawan to secede from the Philippines. THE CULTURAL COMMUNITIES AND THE CHRISTIAN FILIPINOS The non-Christian Filipinos now known as cultural communities make up 10% of the total national population. They have maintained their culture in their clothes, art, religion, ethnic dialect, customs, traditions and other superficial differences. There are 77 major ethno-linguistic groups in the Philippines. A. Northern Luzon 1. Isneg 11. Ivatan/Itbayat 21. Malaweg 2. Kalinga 12. Ilocano 22. Yogad 3. Ifugao 13. Apayao 23. Pangasinan 4. Bontok 14. Balangao 24. Palanan 5. Kankanai 15. Bago 25. Kapampangan 6. Ibaloi 16. Kalanguya 26. Tagalog 7. Gaddang 17. Iwak 27. Bicol 8. Tinggian 18. Isinay 28. Negrito 9. Ilongot 19. Ibanag 29. Sambal 10. Ibalahan 20. Itawit B. Smaller Groups in Luzon 1. Aetas 2. Dumagats of Quezon Province 3. Mangyans of Mindoro. 4. Hanunoo C. Visayas 1. Bataks 7. Aklanon 13. Solud 2. Keney 8. Rombloanon 14. Bukidnon 3. Negritoes 9. Bantoanon 15. Boholano 4. Alangans 10. Hiligaynon 16. Cebuano 5. Masbateno 11. Kiniray-a 17. Waray 6. Abakon 12. Hamtikanon D. Mindanao 1. Tagurays 8. Mansakas 15. Kamiguin 2. Tagabilis 9. Maranao 16. Mamanwa 3. Bilaans 10. Sangil/Sangir 17. Butuanon 4. Mandayas 11. Ilanun 18. Kamayo 5. Manobos 12. Maguindanao 19. Bagobo 6. Tasadays 13. Tiboli 20. Kalagan 7. Magtisalugs 14. Subanon 21. Kalibugan E. In Sulu/Tawi-Tawi 1. Yakan 2. Sama 3. Sama Dilaut 4. Tausug 5. Jama Mapun F. In Palawan 1. Tagbanua 2. Agutayanen 3. Kuyonen 4. Molbog. 5. Palawan 6. Batak 7. Tau’t Baten III. GROUP REFLECTION Within sociology, the terms race, ethnicity, minority, and dominant group all have very specific and different meanings. To understand the sociological perspective on race and ethnicity, it is important to understand the meanings of these concepts. An ethnic group is a social category of people who share a common culture, such as a common language, a common religion, or common norms, customs, practices, and history. Ethnic groups have a consciousness of their common cultural bond. An ethnic group does not exist simply because of the common national or cultural origins of the group, however. They develop because of their unique historical and social experiences, which become the basis for the group’s ethnic identity. For example, prior to immigration to the United States, Italians did not think of themselves as a distinct group with common interests and experiences. However, the process of immigration and the experiences they faced as a group in the United States, including discrimination, created a new identity for the group. Some examples of ethnic groups include Italian Americans, Polish Americans, Mexican Americans, Arab Americans, and Irish Americans. Ethnic groups are also found in other societies, such as the Pashtuns in Afghanistan or the Shiites in Iraq, whose ethnicity is base on religious differences. Like ethnicity, race is primarily, though not exclusively, a socially constructed category. A race is a group that is treated as distinct in society based on certain characteristics. Because of their biological or cultural characteristics, which are labeled as inferior by powerful groups in society, a race is often singled out for differential and unfair treatment. It is not the biological characteristics that define racial groups, but how groups have been treated historically and socially. Society assigns people to racial categories (White, Black, etc. ) not because of science or fact, but because of opinion and social experience. In other words, how racial groups are defined is a social process; it is socially constructed. A minority group is any distinct group in society that shares common group characteristics and is forced to occupy low status in society because of prejudice and discrimination. A group may be classified as a minority on the basis of ethnicity, race, sexual preference, age, or class status. It is important to note that a minority group is not necessarily the minority in terms of numbers, but it is a group that holds low status in relation to other groups in society (regardless of the size). The group that assigns a racial or ethnic group to subordinate status in society is called the dominant group. There are several sociological theories about why prejudice, discrimination, and racism exist. Current sociological theories focus mainly on explaining the existence of racism, particular institutional racism. The three major sociological perspectives (functionalist theory, symbolic interaction theory, and conflict theory) each have their own explanations to the existence of racism. Functionalist theorists argue that in order for race and ethnic relations to be functional and contribute to the harmonious conduct and stability of society, racial and ethnic minorities must assimilate into that society. Assimilation is a process in which a minority becomes absorbed into the dominant society – socially, economically, and culturally. Symbolic interaction theorists look at two issues in relation to race and ethnicity. First, they look at the role of social interaction and how it reduces racial and ethnic hostility. Second, they look at how race and ethnicity are socially constructed. In essence, symbolic interactionists ask the question, â€Å"What happens when two people of different race or ethnicity come in contact with one another and how can such interracial or interethnic contact reduce hostility and conflict? † The basic argument made by conflict theorists is that class-based conflict is an inherent and fundamental part of society. These theorists thus argue that racial and ethnic conflict is tied to class conflict and that in order to reduce racial and ethnic conflict, class conflict must first be reduced.

Loss Of Innocence In Catcher In The Rye - 1429 Words

Justin Hwang Ms. Lydia Wells English 9 10/24/17 Loneliness and Phoniness: Loss of Innocence in Salinger’s Catcher in the Rye Loss of innocence is one of the major elements of The Catcher in the Rye that make the novel so renowned. The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger is about an adolescent named Holden who wanders around New York City after being kicked out of a prestigious boarding school in eastern Pennsylvania. While learning more about himself and the adult world, he experiences alcohol, prostitution, and sexuality. Holden struggles with issues such as identity and maturity. Eventually, he realizes what it means to become an adult and accepts that maturity and development is inevitable. Holden suffers from a loss of innocence when†¦show more content†¦However, he admits that while the couple’s actions are â€Å"crumby† (Salinger 81) and crude, he is still aroused and â€Å"wouldn’t mind† (Salinger 81) doing it, especially to a girl he is attracted to. While Holden wants to preserv e his innocence by not thinking about sex at all, he agrees that he is a â€Å"sex maniac† (Salinger 81), and is a fiend about losing his virginity. Holden even goes as far as to make rules for himself. On page 82, he recounts, â€Å"I made a rule that I was going to quit horsing around with girls that, deep down, gave me a pain in the ass. I broke it, though, the same week I made it-the same night, as a matter of fact† (Salinger). He is slowly losing his innocence, and while he hates to admit it, Holden’s constant thoughts about sexuality is a sign of adulthood. To him, one should only have sex with someone they truly love. Holden is almost proud of himself for having such a morally correct view of sex. This is why he is so riled when he discovers that Stradlater had sex with Jane Gallagher. Holden realized that Jane barely knew Stradlater and felt that he, if anyone, should be dating Jane. His increasing thoughts on sexuality and loss of a conventional or shie lded view of sex show that his loss of innocence is apparent. Holden also loses his innocence when he accepts the inevitability of growing up. When he visits the Natural History Museum, Holden notes that the exhibitsShow MoreRelatedLord Of The Flies, By William Golding And The Perks Of Being A Wallflower1087 Words   |  5 Pagessome of my most beloved. In my junior year, I read A Separate Peace by John Knowles for my AP U.S. History class while I read The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger over the summer. A Separate Peace explores the rivalry that can lie at the heart of many friendships and conveys the concept of individuality rather than conformity. Similarly, The Catcher in the Rye is the story of a teenage boy who despises the phoniness of society and fears becoming just another phony adult. Both novels share similarRead More The Catcher and the Rye / Huckleberry Finn Essay1251 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Webster’s dictionary defines innocence as, â€Å"Freedom from harmfulness; inoffensiveness.† Although this definition is the one which is most commonly used, many authors tend to twist or stretch the meaning in order to fit the material to which it applies. For example, the way J.D Salinger applies innocence to his work is quite different from the way Mark Twain uses innocence. Innocence also changes accordingly with the time period. The definition of innocence is dynamic with respect to author andRead MoreTheme Of Innocence In Catcher In The Rye1046 Words   |  5 Pagesjust be a catcher in the rye and all. I know it’s crazy, but it’s the only thing I’d really like to be.†( Salinger 191)) In The Catcher in the Rye, a harrowed teenager named Holden Caulfield can’t accept the fact that everyone has to grow up. He believes that every adult in some way is corrupted in a sense. He also believes that children are the only genuine thing in the world due to their innocence and their purity. Salinger emplo ys adult situations in Holden’s journey to emphasize that loss of innocenceRead MoreThe Tragedy of Holden Caulfield Is That He Cannot Accept the Adult World He Is Too Old to Continue the Innocent Life of a Child1033 Words   |  5 PagesThe main concern of the novel The Catcher in the Rye is not only that the protagonist is trapped between childhood and adulthood, but also the alienation and regression caused by grief when the sufferer does not address their loss properly. Holden Caulfields nervous breakdown is largely due to the death of his younger brother. It is because of this that he fears change and maturity so much, specifically the loss of innocence. Holden cannot accept the complexities of the world; instead, he uses phoninessRead MoreTheme Of Innocence In Catcher In The Rye1185 Words   |  5 PagesIn The Catcher in the Rye, a harrowed teenager named Holden Caulfield can’t accept the fact that everyone has to grow up. He gets kicked out of his old school an d sets of on a wandering adventure throughout a bunch of cities including New York and Agerstown, Pennsylvania. As we get to know Holden, we find out that he believes that every adult in some way is corrupted in a sense. He also believes that children are the only genuine thing in the world due to their innocence and their purity. SalingerRead MoreCatcher In The Rye Title Essay1421 Words   |  6 PagesThe title of the novel, â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye†, plays a significant role throughout the book as it has a substantial connection to Holden’s story. This title greatly allows for the main character, Holden Caulfield, to express his feelings towards life and towards human nature. Holden can see that the world he now lives in as it is becoming filled with corrupted people and minds. He believes the children are ruined by the ribald behavior of the older generations around them and as he shows the readerRead MoreTheme Of Symbolism In Catcher In The Rye1080 Words    |  5 Pages10 Hour 2 6 December 2017 The Catcher in the Rye: Prompt 3 In the novel, Catcher in the Rye, by J.D. Salinger uses a variety of symbols to support the thematic idea that maturation and the loss of innocence are an inescapable rite of passage for all of humanity. Three significant symbols that signify the importance of alteration and losing one’s purity to become more suited to live in the real world are the ducks in the lagoon of Central Park, the â€Å"Catcher in the Rye†, and the carousel and the goldRead MoreCatcher in the Rye vs Frankenstein Novel Study Essay1304 Words   |  6 PagesIndependent Novel Study In today’s world, innocence cannot be preserved forever. As humans age, they lose their innocence due to the corruption that exists in society. This is demonstrated in the two novels, Catcher in the Rye and Frankenstein. The two authors, J.D. Salinger and Mary Shelley prove this statement through their use of various literary devices. Key characters in both novels- Holden and the creature- learn through personal experiences that innocence cannot, in fact, be preserved foreverRead MoreCatcher Rye And Perfect Day For Bananafish1562 Words   |  7 Pages The Catcher in The Rye and Perfect Day For Bananafish In â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye†,by J.D Salinger, Holden Caulfield, a troubled 16 year old boy who constantly gets kicked out of every school takes it upon himself to become â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye†, in reality not being real occupation but an idea he chose to adopt for himself after he heard a little boy singing in the street. The catcher in the Rye can be described in Holden’s perspective as a person, almost like a hero that helps childrenRead MoreThe Innocence of Childhood in The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger1262 Words   |  6 PagesThe novel â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye† by J.D. Salinger follows the endeavours of Holden Caulfield, a sixteen-year-old teenage boy who faces a point in his life where he must make the transition from childhood to adulthood. In an attempt to retain his own childhood, he begins hoping to stop other young children from growing up and losing their innocence as well. As indicated by the title, â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye† is a book that explores a theme involving the preservation of innocence, especially of children

The Movie The Blonde - 885 Words

things were not going as planned, tyler knew that much. he wasn t the brightest person, especially when under the influence of alcohol and when around geneva, but it didn t take much brain to realize that this night had certainly taken a turn for the worse. the blonde knew that he should be happy, that things were starting to get better but happiness seemed to be near to impossible. not when no matter how much he told himself that things were going to be okay, mike would still find out and he would still be faced with that anger. this was the feeling that plagued him the entire ride to the barn. running off with geneva in tow wasn t the best way to make up for his actions. people s imaginations were free to wander, most likely†¦show more content†¦and, if he couldn t calm himself down, there was no way that things could improve from this. pulling up to the somewhat familiar barn only messed with his head. something that was usually associated with happiness and love now felt like his own personal hell. for a brief moment, tyler actually wished that he had crashed the bike in his state of intoxication. of course, he d want geneva to be safe, but right now he wanted nothing more than to disappear. the blonde was sure that many others felt the same way. he blindly stepped into the cold atmosphere, feet taking him to the same place they laid about a week ago, ignoring the fact that he felt exactly the same as he did that night. cold, terrified and one hundred percent out of it. the alcohol could be blamed, but he knew that he didn t actually consume that much to make him disassociate. it was his own mind, which seemed so far away, that was causing all of his current struggles. if only he could be more brave, more confident, less worried, then things might actually be okay. i don t want to be scared, geneva. his words were small, leaving his mouth as he sat down criss crossed on the cold ground. his eyes looked up towards the brunette, meeting his only to find the same uncertainty he was currently feeling. tyler quickly looked away, instead focusing on his hands as he nervously fiddled with them. i ve been so scared of everything for so long and i hate it, the blondeShow MoreRelatedMovie Analysis : The Blonde Barbie Doll1725 Words   |  7 Pages Initially, the blonde Barbie doll received a disappointing lukewarm reception from the market because most mothers wished their young girls to remain a little younger without jumping to the teenage Barbie overnight. However, Mattel had a masterpiece plan in promoting the toys through the television and mainly children’s TV. In the late 1950’s, most homes in America had television and children’s program had become a regular part of the programming. Subsequently, the Mattel advertisers managed toRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Legally Blonde 800 Words   |  4 PagesCritique of â€Å"Legally Blonde† â€Å"Legally Blonde† is a wonderful musical because the colorful scenes gives audience a visual enjoyment, and the beautiful music gives them a fresh acoustic experience. â€Å"Legally Blonde† is presented by Performance Riverside and RCC Fine Performing Arts. It is directed and choreographed by Roger Castellano, and the musical director is Dennis Castellano. I went to watch this great show, which was performed at RCC’s Landis Performing Arts Center, on September 27,2014 atRead MoreMovie Analysis : Legally Blonde And Fast Car Composed By Tracy Chapman998 Words   |  4 Pagesundesirable result on an individual’s development. By Mariam Tohmey Be-ware! Transitions are shockingly truthful and fluctuating! Akin to this is the is the 1991 play written by Willy Russel, ‘Educating Rita’; the entertaining 2001 film ‘Legally Blonde’, direct by Robert Luketic, and the 1988 soulful song, ‘Fast Car’ composed by Tracy Chapman. Through the employment of visual and literary techniques, these texts incorporate the struggles of an individual amid worlds, and the obstacles faced as theyRead MoreGender Issue in Legally Blonde1592 Words   |  7 PagesLegally Blonde In many ways todays society, even though women have come a long way, we still live in a patriarchal world. There are many examples of this in everyday life, whether it be that there arent very many women CEOs or the mere fact that weve yet to have a woman president. No matter where you live, there is the presence of a male dominated world. It especially extends into the working fields. There are professions that are categorically ‘womens jobs like nursing, school teacher, orRead MoreThe Character Of Elle Woods : Legally Blonde1271 Words   |  6 Pagesin the movie Legally Blonde. Legally Blonde is my all-time favorite movie. Actually, every day I strive to Elle Woods. She is basically my role model in life. This may seem silly, but really behind all the pink, Elle Woods is actually a character that may people should take notes from. The Elle Woods, in the movie â€Å"Legally Blonde†, is so appealing to me because it she shows that women do not have to follow stereotype s and can do and be whatever they want; every woman should have the blonde ambitionRead MoreEssay Gender Issues in Legally Blonde1540 Words   |  7 PagesGender Issues in Legally Blonde   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In many ways todays society, even though women have come a long way, we still live in a patriarchal world. There are many examples of this in everyday life, whether it be that there arent very many women CEOs or the mere fact that weve yet to have a woman president. No matter where you live, there is the presence of a male dominated world. It especially extends into the working fields. There are professions that are categorically womens jobs like nursingRead MoreThe Depiction Of Strong Women On The Film Waiting For Wonder Woman Essay1364 Words   |  6 Pagesof different actresses that have only ever played these so-called â€Å"dumb† roles such as Marilyn Monroe. In the 1950’s, Marilyn Monroe portrayed a beautiful â€Å"dumb blonde† that preferred her looks more than brains, in two separate films. Monroe played these roles because she looked the part. She was a beautiful woman that kept her hair blonde. Back then, she was all the directors had for an actress that didn’t have to physically change to play a part. The appearances of unintelligent woman roles haveRead MoreWomen Are Dumb, Particularly, Beautiful Women1637 Words   |  7 Pagesappeal. Legally Blonde represents women as both beautiful and smart, instead of only being capable of one or the other. As the movie develops Elle Woods, the protagonist, struggles to show people how intelligent she is because they are not capable of seeing past her looks. As the movie progresses Elle and everyone around her realize that she is able to be both smart and beautiful, and that neither needs to inhibit the other. My argument for the representation of women in Legally Blonde is: 1. The representationRead MoreThe, The Birds, And Vertigo Essay1324 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom when he was growing up, but also have similarities within each other – most notably Psycho (1960) and The Birds (1963). Over the 50 years that he directed films, he has developed a very distinct directing style that is noticeable among many movie lovers today. One of the most distinct directing styles he acquitted over the years was the use of camera movement that acts to mimic a person’s gaze. This sense of voyeurism, which is described as the act of spying on people when they’re engaged inRead MoreThe Hunger Games Character Analysis Essay802 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom The Hunger Games (the movie version). Hermetic is a former victor of the Hunger Games and is now a coach for future tributes. He is an athletic medium build male with long blonde hair but though he is considered a sweetheart, he is a grumpy drunk. I chose Haymitch to describe character because he plays an important role in the movie as the coach, but he is neither the main protagonist or the antagonist. 2. Protagonist, Katniss Everdeen, from The Hunger Games (the movie version). Katniss Everdeen

Stem Cell Therapy for Heart Failure Essay - 918 Words

Heart failure is a condition at which the heart is unable to maintain an adequate circulation required for the metabolic needs of body tissues. The major cause of heart failure is the weakening of ventricular muscle at which it fails to pump blood efficiently from the heart to all parts of the body. According to a report published at NHS Choices and BBC News in February 2012, scientists have developed the uses of stem cell therapy to heal the damage caused by heart attack. This therapy is still at the trial stage where they examined the safety of treating scars and cardiac tissue damage using stem cells. Stem Cell Therapy for Heart Failure This therapy is said to be a promising therapy for heart failure patients as stem cell therapy†¦show more content†¦The usage of cardiac-derived cells are considered as the most potential autologous cell source for cardiac repair as in a research done by Tang et al. (2013), there is a reduction in the size of the scar but has no significant improvement in cardiac functions as measured using left ventricular ejection function (LVEF). In April 2013, a report published in Express states that researchers from Mayo Clinic treat heart failure patients with a special stem cells harvested from the top of the patient’s hip. Proteins are used to instruct the stem cells to works as heart cells and these are then injected into the patient’s heart. The results show that patients have greater improvement in their health but this technique still requires further investigation to determine why the hip’s stem cells are able to cause such effects. Although different stem cells are used for the treatment of heart failure, each of the stem cells used has some limitations. Furthermore, due to the small number of patients participated in the research, there is a lack of statistically significant evidences and thereby it still requires further studies. However, based on the previous researches done, stem cell therapy has become a leading therapy for the treatment of heart failure. Ways to Overcome Limitations Even thought stem cell therapy has become a potential therapy for treating heart failure, butShow MoreRelatedStem Cell Research : Stem Cells999 Words   |  4 PagesSTEM CELLS WORKING TO SPECIALIZE INTO CARDIAC CELLS Once the stem cells are delivered near the damaged areas of the heart, the regeneration of cardiac (heart) cells is possible. There is a lack of understanding on how or why specifically the stem cells turn into heart cells. â€Å"Recent studies indicated that the benefits associated with adult stem cell injection might come from paracrine effects, the effect of a nearby cell sending chemical and electrical signals to the stem cell, and not from myocardialRead MoreStem Cells Research The Regeneration Of Medicine. Stem1526 Words   |  7 PagesStem Cells Research the Regeneration of Medicine Stem cells research is one of the most powerful areas of medicine that is both researched and passionately argued. The web page of National Institute of Health (NIH) describes that stem cells are unspecialized cells that are capable of renewing themselves through cell division and they can also be induced to become tissue or organ-specific cells with special functions. Stem cells have the potential to develop into many different cell types in the bodyRead MoreMost Common Treatments For Heart Failure1090 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the most common treatments for heart failure is ACE inhibitors. ACE inhibitors have shown to slow down the course of heart failure and decrease cardiovascular mortality (1). Overall, they work by suppressing the activity of angiotensin II. ACE inhibitors prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II by competitively inhibiting the activity of the angiotensin converting enzyme. Since angiotensin II is a vasoconstrictor, the lack of the protein allows blood vessels to remain dilatedRead MoreStem Cell Research And The Medical Field Essay1736 Words   |  7 PagesStem cells have become one of the largest research fields in the Department of Regenerative Medicine. They are often referred to as the â€Å"building blocks of nature† due to their ability to transform into any type of cell in the human body. It has led to the controversy of the possible chance that stem cells can regenerate organs, and cure life threatening diseases. This topic has been publicly discussed among scientists and healthcare professionals. There are different types of stem cells, such asRead MoreStem Cells And The Human Body1170 Words   |  5 PagesStem cells are different to all other cells in the human body because they have unique abilities to divide repeatedly, make many copies of themselves or differentiate into specialised cells such as skin cells, immune cells or nerve cells. Stem cells are also described as unspecialised because they are not yet advanced to perform an exact function. However, each of them has the potential to develop into one of a number of different specialised cell types depending on the body’s needs at a particularRead MoreHeart Disease, Cancer, And Diabetes Have Drastically Hindered,1716 Words   |  7 PagesHeart disease, cancer, and diabetes have drastically hindered, or even taken the lives of people you may know and love. While these three diseases consistently rank in the top ten leading causes of death in the United States, we as a country are steered toward pharmaceutical drugs in order to alleviate pain and ultimately mask their life altering effects on us. Adult stem cells is the future for diseases such as these. Up until now, the research from biologists combined with real life medical proceduresRead MoreStem Cells Are Nature s Own Transformer1106 Words   |  5 PagesDecember 4, 2014 Stem Cell Therapy Stem cells are nature’s own transformer. Stem cells have the extraordinary opportunity to develop into several different cell types in the body during early stages of life and development. Furthermore, in countless tissues they act as an internal repair system, dividing effectively without limit to replace other cells as long as the person or animal is still living. When a stem cell divides, each new cell has the chance to either stay a stem cell or become anotherRead MoreEssay Finding a Cure: Stem Cell Research1321 Words   |  6 Pagesthe abnormal cells are over taking, the plasma cells, in the bone marrow. My parents walked into my room, woke my sister, and I up, and spoke to us in a low monotone. They told us that Dad is going to be okay, but he is very sick. Unfortunately their faces struck more fear in us more than their words. He then went into extensive test, radiation therapy, and then into chemotherapy. This went on for seven months, and only a slight change happene d. The doctors then decided to try stem cell transplantRead MoreAdult Stem Cells Vs. Embryonic Stem Cell Research1108 Words   |  5 Pages4/4/16 Adult Stem Cells vs. Embryonic Stem Cells â€Å"The unspecialized cells are differentiated cells created are known as stem cells† (Miller Ph.D., Levine Ph.D., 2012). Embryonic and Adult stem cells are the only types of stem cells. Stem cell research shows a good deal of promise in the aiding of curing diseases. Both embryonic and adult stem cells show promise in curing diseases, but it is unclear which type of stem cell is more effective. The human embryo for embryonic stem cell research requiresRead MoreThe Function Of The Cardiac Adipose Stem Cells Essay1187 Words   |  5 Pagesduration of time, the cardiac adipose stem cells still exhibited the cardiovascular cell markers. In the mouse model, these cells displayed the highest rate of cardiac function improvement 6. Of specific importance in relation to stem cell therapy is the ability to regenerate cardiac tissues. In 2012, the first successful transplantation of stem cells into multiple patients contending with a myocardial infarction was successful. The damaged tissues exhibited regrowth in the patients. In the control

Sebastien Faulks Free Essays

Baulks’ novel is very much a social commentary on the problem of war, and he uses many techniques throughout part one to foreshadow what is possibly the most notorious, famous and tragic events of the First World War: the Battle of the Some. With part one being located on the Some, It’s hard to escape the underlying sense that It all points towards this battle, but when the family visit the water gardens, Baulks foreshadows this event In a number of ways. The first way In which he does this Is through his description of the abundance of them, more precisely: their hectic abundance seemed to him close to the vegetable fertilely of death’. We will write a custom essay sample on Sebastien Faulks or any similar topic only for you Order Now Now, the Battle of the Some Is well documented for the loss of life as a result of It (over people died in total) and this reference to the word death, Is an Important link. As the Battle of the Some was famous for the amount of death that occurred. In the same paragraph, he says this: The brown waters were murky and shot through with the scurrying of rats from the banks where the earth had been dug out of trenches and held back by elaborate wooden boarding’. As you can probably guess, there are a few different parts of that that are a direct allusion to the Battle. The first of these is his mention of brown, murky waters. One of the biggest problems for soldiers serving in the trenches during all of these big battles was the lack of clean water for drinking, so this phrase, ‘brown waters were murky and shot through’ is a perfect hint towards the Battle. Another one in this extract is his elaboration on the problem of rats in this part of the river. Rats were quite possibly the most problematic factor in trench airfare, be that in the Battle of the Some or elsewhere, and they carried with them disease, and also helped themselves to soldiers supplies. Now, seeing as they have been mentioned, it is possibly the most explicit example of foreshadowing to the Some, because they were such a huge and notorious problem. The third, and possibly most obvious, reference from this extract is probably the last part, where he speaks of where the ‘earth had been dug out of trenches and held back by elaborate wooden boarding. The Battle of the Some epitomized trench warfare, it was the cost expansive use of trench warfare the world had ever seen, particularly as It was the longest battle of the First World War. As well as this reference to trenches, there is another similar one on the next page which reads, the rotting of matter Into the turned and dug earth’. Turned and dug earth Is an allusion to the changing of the ground and landscape that occurs when trenches are dug, so that Is another big reference to the Battle of the Some. In what way does Sebastian Baulks foreshadow the Battle of the Some in his ascription of the water gardens in Birdsong? By Adam_smiths 998 With part one being located on the Some, it’s hard to escape the underlying sense that it all points towards this battle, but when the family visit the water gardens, Baulks foreshadows this event in a number of ways. The first way in which he does this is through his description of the abundance of them, more precisely: their hectic abundance seemed to him close to the vegetable fertility of death’. Now, the Battle of the Some is well documented for the loss of life as a result of it (over 1,000,000 people died in total) and this reference to the word death, is an important link, as the same paragraph, he says this: ‘The brown waters were murky and shot through with and held back by elaborate wooden boarding. As you can probably guess, there are a most expansive use of trench warfare the world had ever seen, particularly as it was there is another similar one on the next page which reads, the rotting of matter into the turned and dug earth’. Turned and dug earth is an allusion to the changing of the ground and landscape that occurs when trenches are dug, so that is another big How to cite Sebastien Faulks, Papers

Leonardo Da Vinci Research Paper Essay Example For Students

Leonardo Da Vinci Research Paper Essay Once there lived a man who was gifted with the power of looking at the same object in many different fashions sometimes as a painter would look at it, sometimes as a naturalist, sometimes as a physicist, at other times as a poet and not one of those fashions was superficial (Valley. 1958). With all the technical advances from today, most artist and inventors are inspired by this man. Leonardo exemplified the resurgence, living, view, and producing art and technology that still characterizes that age of discovery. When people think of Leonardo dad Vinci, usually the first thing that comes to mind is The Dad Vinci Code with Tom Hanks. But in reality people would say he was one of the finest artistic and scientific men of the Italian Renaissance Age. The Last Supper and the Mona Lisa are among one of his finest works of art. These art pieces were way ahead of Dad Vines time. Leonardo was not Just a painter or artist but he was an inventor responsible for producing designs ranging from early tanks and submarines to the revolutionary flying machine. His study and mastery of a wide range of disciplines, including sculpture, philosophy, and engineering, made Leonardo a symbol of the spirit of his age, and the personification of the term Renaissance man. (Ryan Adagio, 2005) We could start back when Dad Vinci first was born to see the intellect off brilliant mind. April 15th, 1452 Leonardo was born in Vinci, Italy. Who knew on that day an infant would grow up to be known as the universal genius. He was raised by his father Piper dad Vinci, a notary in Florence. At an early age Leonardo exhibited a considerable artistic talent so when he was fifteen Leonardo moved to Florence, Italy, this is when his life started to blossom, he was Andrea del Veronicas apprentice. Veronica was a well-known artist for his time and began to show and develop Leonardo in painting and completing sculptures (Goldman. 1997). Leonardo stayed working with Veronicas until he turned 25. He then moved on and spent the next five years painting many different paintings with many different artists. When he reached the age of 30, he moved to Milan, Italy and became a court artist for Duke Ludicrous Sports. Becoming a court artist made Leonardo a Jack-of-all-trades. Not Just known for an artist, Leonardo also was an inventor; there are three tiny little notebooks that house a collection of his works also called the Codex Forester, which are now kept in the Victoria and Alberta Museum in London, England. They are believed to have been written between 1495 and 1497 (Mills, 2008). First let me talk about one of his most famous paintings, Last Supper he began to paint this piece in 1495 and this piece was commissioned by the Duke for the convent of Santa Maria dell Gracie. He tried to complete this painting as a mural on the wall using oil-based paint, but unfortunately the paint did not adhere to the wall and was a complete failure. However this brings me to the fabulous painting The Mona Lisa, this painting years until 1506. In 1506 Dad Vinci abandoned work on the Mona Lisa to be the artistic advisor to the city French governor Charles demises at the request of King Louis XII of France . (Ryan Adagio, 2005) In 1 513 Leonardo left Milan and traveled to Rome, Italy at the request of Pope Leo X. Once he arrived he was presented with a spacious art studio to complete more of his work. Dad Vinci remained in Rome for four years, while there he completed only one major piece and that was a series of drawings which were titled The Deluge. Later on in 1517, King Francis I asked Leonardo to France and was going to make him the royal painter, architect, and mechanic to the king. He accepted and was given a salary and a place to live in the palace at Cloud. While he was there he became a teacher to a number of young inspiring artists to help them move on into their career. Neolithic Revolution and the Renaissance Effects on History Essay ThesisIt was a very sad day on the 2nd of May 1 519, this is the day that Leonardo Dad Vinci left this earth to return to our heavenly father in the sky. He was surrounded by the kings court in Cloud when he passed away. Leonardo will always be known for the great artist he was and teacher he has instilled on many of us. I think everyone has a little of Leonardo in them whether it be painting or from inventing to woodworking. When people write they write with their hearts, I know when Leonardo painted it was from his heart. People knew Leonardo dad Vinci as a great painter, but my research also discovered the many different talents this great man had. Being one of the top inventors in the world he was responsible for many of the innovations that had transpired during the renaissance period. He was as much an inventor as an artist. Though he never built many of the inventions he designed, some of the things he envisioned in the late sass are in use today, including helicopters and parachutes. Dad Vinci was obsessed with war, and he sketched an armored vehicle that could carry eight men inside and allow them to fire weapons through holes in its walls. He drew ND wrote about what we today call tanks more than 400 years before they were first used in combat during World War l. (Grant, 2010) Leonardo Dad Vinci is the key personality that enlightened the Renaissance with its outstanding talent. Other major figures, such as Francesco Did Giorgio, have left a rich legacy, especially in architecture and machinery design. Now when you close your eyes and picture an airplane or even a bird you could envision yourself in a way that Leonardo Dad Vinci did when he thought out his inventions.